Fuel Cell Engineers

Design, evaluate, modify, or construct fuel cell components or systems for transportation, stationary, or portable applications.

Tasks Include:

Write technical reports or proposals related to engineering projects.
Read current literature, attend meetings or conferences, or talk with colleagues to stay abreast of new technology or competitive products.
Validate design of fuel cells, fuel cell components, or fuel cell systems.
Simulate or model fuel cell, motor, or other system information, using simulation software programs.
Recommend or implement changes to fuel cell system designs.
Provide technical consultation or direction related to the development or production of fuel cell systems.
Plan or conduct experiments to validate new materials, optimize startup protocols, reduce conditioning time, or examine contaminant tolerance.
Integrate electric drive subsystems with other vehicle systems to optimize performance or mitigate faults.
Identify or define vehicle and system integration challenges for fuel cell vehicles.
Fabricate prototypes of fuel cell components, assemblies, stacks, or systems.

The data sources for the information displayed here include: O*NET™; US Department of Labor (BLS); Virginia Workforce Connection. (Using onet291)

Projections Quick View:

Virginia: +13.2%

National: +11.0%

Education

Bachelor's Degree

Job Zone:

Four: Considerable Preparation Needed

Income Range:

Highest ($50,000 and up)

Median Earnings:

National

$99,510.00

State

$101,900.00

Regional

Fuel Cell Engineers

Description

Career Cluster:

Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics

Design, evaluate, modify, or construct fuel cell components or systems for transportation, stationary, or portable applications.

The data sources for the information displayed here include: O*NET™. (Using onet291)

Fuel Cell Engineers

Education

Required Level of Education

Bachelor's Degree = 57.14%
Master's Degree = 42.86%

Related Work Experience

Over 6 months, up to and including 1 year = 22.73%
Over 1 year, up to and including 2 years = 22.73%
Over 2 years, up to and including 4 years = 18.18%
None = 13.64%
Over 4 years, up to and including 6 years = 13.64%
Up to and including 1 month = 4.55%
Over 1 month, up to and including 3 months = 4.55%

On-Site or In-Plant Training

Over 1 month, up to and including 3 months = 36.36%
Over 6 months, up to and including 1 year = 18.18%
Up to and including 1 month = 13.64%
Over 3 months, up to and including 6 months = 13.64%
None = 9.09%
Over 1 year, up to and including 2 years = 9.09%

On-the-Job Training

Over 1 month, up to and including 3 months = 36.36%
Over 3 months, up to and including 6 months = 22.73%
Over 1 year, up to and including 2 years = 18.18%
Over 6 months, up to and including 1 year = 13.64%
None or short demonstration = 4.55%
Anything beyond short demonstration, up to and including 1 month = 4.55%

The data sources for the information displayed here include: O*NET™. (Using onet291)

Fuel Cell Engineers

Tasks

Core Tasks Include:

Write technical reports or proposals related to engineering projects.
Read current literature, attend meetings or conferences, or talk with colleagues to stay abreast of new technology or competitive products.
Validate design of fuel cells, fuel cell components, or fuel cell systems.
Simulate or model fuel cell, motor, or other system information, using simulation software programs.
Recommend or implement changes to fuel cell system designs.
Provide technical consultation or direction related to the development or production of fuel cell systems.
Plan or conduct experiments to validate new materials, optimize startup protocols, reduce conditioning time, or examine contaminant tolerance.
Integrate electric drive subsystems with other vehicle systems to optimize performance or mitigate faults.
Identify or define vehicle and system integration challenges for fuel cell vehicles.
Fabricate prototypes of fuel cell components, assemblies, stacks, or systems.
Develop fuel cell materials or fuel cell test equipment.
Conduct post-service or failure analyses, using electromechanical diagnostic principles or procedures.
Design or implement fuel cell testing or development programs.
Characterize component or fuel cell performances by generating operating maps, defining operating conditions, identifying design refinements, or executing durability assessments.
Calculate the efficiency or power output of a fuel cell system or process.
Analyze fuel cell or related test data, using statistical software.
Design fuel cell systems, subsystems, stacks, assemblies, or components, such as electric traction motors or power electronics.
Prepare test stations, instrumentation, or data acquisition systems for use in specific tests of fuel cell components or systems.
Plan or implement fuel cell cost reduction or product improvement projects in collaboration with other engineers, suppliers, support personnel, or customers.
Coordinate fuel cell engineering or test schedules with departments outside engineering, such as manufacturing.
Authorize release of fuel cell parts, components, or subsystems for production.
Manage fuel cell battery hybrid system architecture, including sizing of components, such as fuel cells, energy storage units, or electric drives.
Conduct fuel cell testing projects, using fuel cell test stations, analytical instruments, or electrochemical diagnostics, such as cyclic voltammetry or impedance spectroscopy.
Define specifications for fuel cell materials.
Evaluate the power output, system cost, or environmental impact of new hydrogen or non-hydrogen fuel cell system designs.

Supplemental Tasks Include:

Develop or evaluate systems or methods of hydrogen storage for fuel cell applications.

The data sources for the information displayed here include: O*NET™. (Using onet291)

Fuel Cell Engineers

Tools and Technology

Tools Include:

Desktop computers
Calorimeters (Differential scanning calorimeters)
Homogenizers (Digital sonifiers)
Volumeters (Dilatometers)
Flame ionization analyzers (Flame ionization detectors FID)
Reactors or fermenters or digesters (Flow reactors)
Chemiluminescence or bioluminescence analyzers (Fluorescence detectors)
Infrared spectrometers (Fourier transfer infrared FTIR spectrometers)
Frequency analyzers (Frequency response analyzers)
Engine or component test stands (Fuel cell test stands)
Gas chromatographs (Gas chromatography equipment)
Laboratory mechanical convection ovens (Gravity convection ovens)
High pressure liquid chromatograph chromatography (High pressure liquid chromatographs HPLC)
Tube furnaces (High temperature tube furnaces)
Crucible furnaces (Induction furnaces)
Infrared spectrometers (Infrared IR spectrophotometers)
Laboratory mills (Laboratory ball mills)
Isolation glove boxes (Laboratory glove boxes)
Vacuum ovens (Laboratory vacuum ovens)
Notebook computers (Laptop computers)
Power meters (Load boxes)
Mass spectrometers
Laboratory balances (Microbalances)
Forming machine (Molding presses)
Personal computers
Multi gas monitors (Portable emissions analyzers)
Power meters (Power analyzers)
Microcontrollers (Programmable logic controllers PLC)
Scanning electron microscopes (Scanning electron microscopes SEM)
Spectrophotometers (Scanning spectrophotometers)
Chemical absorption gas analyzers (Surface area analyzers)
Thermo gravimetry analyzers (Thermal gravimetric analyzers)
Thermal differential analyzers (Thermovolumetric analyzers TVA)
Transmission electron microscopes (Transmission electron microscopes TEM)
Homogenizers (Ultrasonic blenders)
X ray diffraction equipment (X ray crystallography equipment)
Spectrofluorimeters or fluorimeters (X ray fluorescence XRF spectrometers)
Spectrometers (X ray photoelectric spectroscopes)

Technologies Include:

Analytical or scientific software

Ansoft Simplorer
ANSYS FLUENT
ASPEN PLUS
FactSage
Failure mode and effects analysis FMEA software
Gaussian GaussView
Gaussian software
GE Energy GateCycle
Maplesoft Maple
Minitab software
Statistical software
The MathWorks Simulink
Wolfram Research Mathematica

Computer aided design CAD software

Autodesk AutoCAD software

Development environment software

C
National Instruments LabVIEW
Wind River Systems C/C++ Compiler Suite

Industrial control software

Supervisory control and data acquisition SCADA software

Object or component oriented development software

Office suite software

Microsoft Office software

Presentation software

Microsoft PowerPoint

Spreadsheet software

Microsoft Excel

Word processing software

Microsoft Word

The data sources for the information displayed here include: O*NET™. (Using onet291)

Fuel Cell Engineers

Special Requirements

If your work as an engineer affects public health, safety, or property, you must register with the state. To become licensed as a professional engineer in Virginia, applicants must meet the following requirements:

EIT (Engineer-in-Training) Educational Requirements:

Must meet one of the following:

1. Graduate of approved curriculum of 4 years or more OR Graduate of non-approved curriculum + 2 years of experience

2. Must be enrolled in an ABET accredited curriculum and within 12 months of degree.

3. Graduated from a non-approved engineering technology curriculum + 6 years of experience

4. Graduated with an undergraduate degree from an institution without an approved curriculum and obtained a graduate degree from an institution with an approved curriculum

Professional Engineer Educational Requirements:

1. Must have a bachelor’s degree from an approved curriculum + 4 years of professional experience as an EIT OR Graduate of non-approved curriculum + 6 years of professional experience as an EIT

2. Graduated from a non-approved engineering technology curriculum of four years or more + 10 years experience

3. Graduate from an accredited undergraduate engineering degree and a doctorate degree in engineering from an institution with an accredited undergraduate program + 4 years of experience

4. Graduated from an engineering , engineering technology or related science curriculum of four years or more + 20 years

Licensure for Engineers:

Step 1:

Graduation

The first step is graduating from an ABET-accredited engineering program at a college or university.

Step 2:

FE Exam

The first exam in the licensure process is the Fundamentals of Engineering (FE). This exam is offered in April and October every year. Most students take the exam right before graduation or soon after while the technical information they've studied is still fresh in their minds.

Step 3:

Work Experience

Many jurisdictions have specific requirements about the type of experience you need to gain. Most require that you gain experience under the supervision of someone who is already licensed, and that your experience involve increasing levels of responsibility. Once you begin work, contact your licensing board to find out what experience is needed and talk with professional engineers in your company to find out how you can gain this experience.

Step 4:

PE Exam

Once you have gained the appropriate experience, you can take the second exam in the licensure process, the Principles and Practice of Engineering (PE). This exam is given in a variety of engineering disciplines. Most disciplines are offered in both April and October, but some are offered only in October.

After completing all the steps in the engineering licensure process—education, experience, and examinations—you are eligible for licensure by your licensing board.

Required Fees:

The examination fee shall consist of the administration expenses of the department resulting from the board’s examination procedures and contract charges.

Principles And Practice Exam:

$250

Fundamentals Of Engineering Exam:

$140 (can vary by state)

Renewal:

$30

Principles And Practice Exam Application:

$40

Fundamentals Of Engineering Exam Application:

$20

Comity:

$40

PE Exam rescore:

$25

FE/PE out of state proctor:

$30

The data sources for the information displayed here include: Virginia Career VIEW Research. (Using onet291)

Fuel Cell Engineers

Knowledge

%	Subject	Description
91.00	Engineering and Technology	Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services.
73.75	Chemistry	Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances and of the chemical processes and transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal methods.
71.50	Mathematics	Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.
71.50	Design	Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.
66.00	Physics	Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships, and applications to understanding fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics, and mechanical, electrical, atomic and sub-atomic structures and processes.
62.00	Computers and Electronics	Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.
61.25	Mechanical	Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.
57.25	Production and Processing	Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.
53.50	English Language	Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.

The data sources for the information displayed here include: O*NET™. (Using onet291)

Fuel Cell Engineers

Skills

%	Subject	Description
75.00	Reading Comprehension	Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
75.00	Critical Thinking	Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches to problems.
68.75	Writing	Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
68.75	Speaking	Talking to others to convey information effectively.
68.75	Science	Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
65.50	Active Listening	Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
65.50	Active Learning	Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.
65.50	Monitoring	Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.
65.50	Systems Analysis	Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes.
65.50	Judgment and Decision Making	Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.
65.50	Systems Evaluation	Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed to improve or correct performance, relative to the goals of the system.
62.50	Mathematics	Using mathematics to solve problems.
56.25	Complex Problem Solving	Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.
53.00	Learning Strategies	Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.
53.00	Operations Monitoring	Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly.
53.00	Quality Control Analysis	Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate quality or performance.
50.00	Instructing	Teaching others how to do something.
50.00	Operations Analysis	Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
50.00	Troubleshooting	Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
50.00	Coordination	Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
50.00	Time Management	Managing one's own time and the time of others.

The data sources for the information displayed here include: O*NET™. (Using onet291)

Fuel Cell Engineers

Abilities

%	Subject	Description
75.00	Oral Comprehension	The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.
75.00	Written Comprehension	The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
75.00	Oral Expression	The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.
75.00	Written Expression	The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.
75.00	Problem Sensitivity	The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing that there is a problem.
75.00	Deductive Reasoning	The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.
75.00	Inductive Reasoning	The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).
72.00	Mathematical Reasoning	The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem.
68.75	Information Ordering	The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).
68.75	Category Flexibility	The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways.
68.75	Near Vision	The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
65.50	Fluency of Ideas	The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity).
62.50	Originality	The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.
59.50	Flexibility of Closure	The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in other distracting material.
59.50	Selective Attention	The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distracted.
56.25	Number Facility	The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
56.25	Visualization	The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged.
56.25	Speech Recognition	The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
50.00	Speed of Closure	The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into meaningful patterns.
50.00	Perceptual Speed	The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among sets of letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns. The things to be compared may be presented at the same time or one after the other. This ability also includes comparing a presented object with a remembered object.
50.00	Speech Clarity	The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
50.00	Far Vision	The ability to see details at a distance.

The data sources for the information displayed here include: O*NET™. (Using onet291)

Fuel Cell Engineers

Work Activities

%	Subject	Description
84.00	Analyzing Data or Information	Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.
84.00	Making Decisions and Solving Problems	Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.
79.50	Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge	Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
78.50	Getting Information	Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.
77.50	Processing Information	Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.
77.25	Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates	Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.
75.00	Working with Computers	Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.
72.50	Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others	Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
71.50	Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings	Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.
71.50	Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials	Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or other problems or defects.
71.50	Thinking Creatively	Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.
71.50	Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work	Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.
70.50	Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events	Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.
70.25	Documenting/Recording Information	Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.
69.25	Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information	Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.
63.75	Developing Objectives and Strategies	Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to achieve them.
62.50	Training and Teaching Others	Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.
60.25	Developing and Building Teams	Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team members.
60.25	Providing Consultation and Advice to Others	Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical, systems-, or process-related topics.
59.50	Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People	Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
58.00	Scheduling Work and Activities	Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
56.75	Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships	Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.
56.75	Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment	Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to tell others about how devices, parts, equipment, or structures are to be fabricated, constructed, assembled, modified, maintained, or used.
56.00	Coaching and Developing Others	Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherwise helping others to improve their knowledge or skills.
55.00	Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards	Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.
54.50	Controlling Machines and Processes	Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).
54.50	Communicating with People Outside the Organization	Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.
53.50	Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others	Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
51.25	Monitoring and Controlling Resources	Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.

The data sources for the information displayed here include: O*NET™. (Using onet291)

Fuel Cell Engineers

Work Styles

%	Subject	Description
77.25	Attention to Detail	Job requires being careful about detail and thorough in completing work tasks.
77.25	Analytical Thinking	Job requires analyzing information and using logic to address work-related issues and problems.
76.25	Cooperation	Job requires being pleasant with others on the job and displaying a good-natured, cooperative attitude.
76.25	Integrity	Job requires being honest and ethical.
72.75	Initiative	Job requires a willingness to take on responsibilities and challenges.
71.50	Dependability	Job requires being reliable, responsible, and dependable, and fulfilling obligations.
71.50	Innovation	Job requires creativity and alternative thinking to develop new ideas for and answers to work-related problems.
70.50	Achievement/Effort	Job requires establishing and maintaining personally challenging achievement goals and exerting effort toward mastering tasks.
70.50	Persistence	Job requires persistence in the face of obstacles.
67.00	Adaptability/Flexibility	Job requires being open to change (positive or negative) and to considerable variety in the workplace.
56.75	Leadership	Job requires a willingness to lead, take charge, and offer opinions and direction.
56.75	Independence	Job requires developing one's own ways of doing things, guiding oneself with little or no supervision, and depending on oneself to get things done.
55.75	Self-Control	Job requires maintaining composure, keeping emotions in check, controlling anger, and avoiding aggressive behavior, even in very difficult situations.
53.50	Stress Tolerance	Job requires accepting criticism and dealing calmly and effectively with high-stress situations.

The data sources for the information displayed here include: O*NET™. (Using onet291)

Fuel Cell Engineers

Work Values

%	Subject	Description
83.33	Achievement	Occupations that satisfy this work value are results oriented and allow employees to use their strongest abilities, giving them a feeling of accomplishment. Corresponding needs are Ability Utilization and Achievement.
77.83	Working Conditions	Occupations that satisfy this work value offer job security and good working conditions. Corresponding needs are Activity, Compensation, Independence, Security, Variety and Working Conditions.
77.83	Independence	Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employees to work on their own and make decisions. Corresponding needs are Creativity, Responsibility and Autonomy.
61.17	Recognition	Occupations that satisfy this work value offer advancement, potential for leadership, and are often considered prestigious. Corresponding needs are Advancement, Authority, Recognition and Social Status.

The data sources for the information displayed here include: O*NET™. (Using onet291)

Fuel Cell Engineers

Work Context

%	Subject	Description
99.00	Electronic Mail	How often do you use electronic mail in this job?
96.40	Indoors, Environmentally Controlled	How often does this job require working indoors in environmentally controlled conditions?
92.80	Face-to-Face Discussions	How often do you have to have face-to-face discussions with individuals or teams in this job?
91.00	Work With Work Group or Team	How important is it to work with others in a group or team in this job?
88.20	Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets	How much does this job require wearing common protective or safety equipment such as safety shoes, glasses, gloves, hard hats or life jackets?
85.40	Telephone	How often do you have telephone conversations in this job?
79.00	Importance of Being Exact or Accurate	How important is being very exact or highly accurate in performing this job?
77.20	Contact With Others	How much does this job require the worker to be in contact with others (face-to-face, by telephone, or otherwise) in order to perform it?
76.40	Structured versus Unstructured Work	To what extent is this job structured for the worker, rather than allowing the worker to determine tasks, priorities, and goals?
75.40	Freedom to Make Decisions	How much decision making freedom, without supervision, does the job offer?
74.60	Responsible for Others' Health and Safety	How much responsibility is there for the health and safety of others in this job?
71.80	Exposed to Hazardous Conditions	How often does this job require exposure to hazardous conditions?
69.00	Time Pressure	How often does this job require the worker to meet strict deadlines?
66.40	Spend Time Sitting	How much does this job require sitting?
65.40	Level of Competition	To what extent does this job require the worker to compete or to be aware of competitive pressures?
63.60	Responsibility for Outcomes and Results	How responsible is the worker for work outcomes and results of other workers?
62.80	Coordinate or Lead Others	How important is it to coordinate or lead others in accomplishing work activities in this job?
61.00	Physical Proximity	To what extent does this job require the worker to perform job tasks in close physical proximity to other people?
59.00	Letters and Memos	How often does the job require written letters and memos?
59.00	Consequence of Error	How serious would the result usually be if the worker made a mistake that was not readily correctable?
54.60	Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable	How often does this job require working exposed to sounds and noise levels that are distracting or uncomfortable?
53.60	Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results	What results do your decisions usually have on other people or the image or reputation or financial resources of your employer?
51.00	Deal With External Customers	How important is it to work with external customers or the public in this job?
51.00	Spend Time Standing	How much does this job require standing?
50.00	Public Speaking	How often do you have to perform public speaking in this job?
49.60	Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls	How much does this job require using your hands to handle, control, or feel objects, tools or controls?

The data sources for the information displayed here include: O*NET™. (Using onet291)

Fuel Cell Engineers

Job Zone Four: Considerable Preparation Needed

Overall Experience
- A considerable amount of work-related skill, knowledge, or experience is needed for these occupations. For example, an accountant must complete four years of college and work for several years in accounting to be considered qualified.
Job Training
- Employees in these occupations usually need several years of work-related experience, on-the-job training, and/or vocational training.
Examples
- Many of these occupations involve coordinating, supervising, managing, or training others. Examples include real estate brokers, sales managers, database administrators, graphic designers, conservation scientists, art directors, and cost estimators.
Education
- Most of these occupations require a four-year bachelor's degree, but some do not.

The data sources for the information displayed here include: O*NET™. (Using onet291)

Fuel Cell Engineers

Earnings Benefits*

Region	Entry Level	Median	Experienced
United States	$64,560.00	$99,510.00	$126,990.00
Virginia	$66,970.00	$101,900.00	$128,020.00

Region	Entry Level	Median	Experienced
Alexandria/Arlington	$86,850.00	$110,870.00	$146,940.00
Bay Consortium	$89,250.00	$121,700.00	$138,990.00
Capital Region Workforce Partnership	$69,610.00	$91,910.00	$110,120.00
Central VA/Region2000	$59,050.00	$78,980.00	$101,270.00
Crater Area	$66,610.00	$93,720.00	$115,920.00
Greater Peninsula	No Data	No Data	No Data
Hampton Roads	$75,680.00	$100,610.00	$116,710.00
New River/Mt. Rogers	$61,090.00	$80,700.00	$102,990.00
Northern Virginia	$88,920.00	$110,010.00	$142,690.00
Piedmont Workforce	$67,190.00	$93,710.00	$117,200.00
Shenandoah Valley	$61,240.00	$77,300.00	$97,450.00
South Central	$53,820.00	$72,910.00	$87,660.00
Southwestern Virginia	No Data	No Data	No Data
West Piedmont	$63,390.00	$82,510.00	$95,650.00
Western Virginia	$61,330.00	$82,910.00	$93,280.00

* Earnings Calculations:

Regional Earnings:
   Entry = Annual mean of the lower 1/3 wage distribution;
   Experienced = Annual mean of the upper 2/3 wage distribution.

National and State Earnings:
   Entry = Annual 10th percentile wage;
   Experienced = Annual 75th percentile wage.

The data sources for the information displayed here include: US Department of Labor (BLS); Virginia Workforce Connection. (Using onet291)

Fuel Cell Engineers

Employment Projections

USA: 2023-2033

Virginia: 2022-2032

Regions: 2020-2030

	Current	Projected	% Change
United States	291,900	323,900	+11.0%
Virginia	6,470	7,323	+13.2%

Region	Current*	Projected	% Change
Alexandria/Arlington	270	285	+5.6%
Bay Consortium	372	382	+2.7%
Capital Region Workforce Partnership	847	920	+8.6%
Central VA/Region2000	198	232	+17.2%
Crater Area	No Data	No Data	No Data
Greater Peninsula	1,043	1,181	+13.2%
Hampton Roads	1,240	1,301	+4.9%
New River/Mt. Rogers	232	278	+19.8%
Northern Virginia	2,354	2,428	+3.1%
Piedmont Workforce	240	250	+4.2%
Shenandoah Valley	278	333	+19.8%
South Central	No Data	No Data	No Data
Southwestern Virginia	120	111	-7.5%
West Piedmont	89	143	+60.7%
Western Virginia	275	246	-10.5%

* - Estimated

The data sources for the information displayed here include: US Department of Labor (BLS); Virginia Workforce Connection. (Using onet291)

Fuel Cell Engineers

Related Occupations

The related occupations here have similar general capabilities and interests; career explorers may also be interested in the related occupations:

Careers in Engineering and Technology Pathway:

The data sources for the information displayed here include: O*NET™. (Using onet291)

Fuel Cell Engineers

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CareerOneStop Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics Videos
Overview
Occupations

The data sources for the information displayed here include: New York State Department of Labor; New Jersey Department of Labor; California Occupational Information Coordinating Committee; CareerOneStop. (Using onet291)

Fuel Cell Engineers

Military Training

The following military job classifications are available for this occupation:

Aviation Maintenance and Allied
Construction and Utilities

The data sources for the information displayed here include: Defense Manpower Data Center. (Using onet291)

Fuel Cell Engineers

Proficiency Ratings

These proficiencies are scored on a scale from 1 to 5 with 1 being not
important to the job and 5 being extremely important to the job.

Proficiency	Rating
Analyzing Data or Information	4.5
Making Decisions and Solving Problems	4.5
Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge	4.0
Getting Information	4.0
Processing Information	4.0
Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates	4.0
Working with Computers	4.0
Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others	4.0
Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings	4.0
Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials	4.0
Thinking Creatively	4.0
Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work	4.0
Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events	4.0
Documenting/Recording Information	4.0
Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information	4.0
Developing Objectives and Strategies	3.5
Training and Teaching Others	3.5
Developing and Building Teams	3.5
Providing Consultation and Advice to Others	3.5
Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People	3.5
Scheduling Work and Activities	3.5
Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships	3.5
Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment	3.5
Coaching and Developing Others	3.0
Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards	3.0
Controlling Machines and Processes	3.0
Communicating with People Outside the Organization	3.0
Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others	3.0
Monitoring and Controlling Resources	3.0
Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates	3.0
Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment	3.0
Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment	3.0
Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others	2.5
Performing Administrative Activities	2.5
Selling or Influencing Others	2.5
Staffing Organizational Units	2.5
Performing General Physical Activities	2.5
Handling and Moving Objects	2.0
Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment	2.0
Assisting and Caring for Others	2.0
Performing for or Working Directly with the Public	1.5

The data sources for the information displayed here include: O*NET™. (Using onet291)

Fuel Cell Engineers

Titles

Alternative Energy Technician
Fuel Cell Battery Technician
Fuel Cell Engineer
Fuel Cell Systems Engineer
Fuel Cell Test Engineer

The data sources for the information displayed here include: O*NET™. (Using onet291)

Fuel Cell Engineers

Related Schools

George Mason University
Liberty University
Marymount University
Old Dominion University
University of Virginia-Main Campus
Virginia Commonwealth University
Virginia Military Institute
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

The data sources for the information displayed here include: O*NET™. (Using onet291)